​

1. Eliza Shapiro.  “Only 7 Black Students Got Into Stuyvesant, N.Y.’s Most Selective High School, Out of 895 Spots.”  New York Times.  18 Mar 2019

2. Eliza Shapiro.  “This Year, Only 10 Black Students Got Into NYC’s Top High School.”  New York Times.  19 Mar 2020

3. Eliza Shapiro.  “Only 8 Black Students Are Admitted To Stuyvesant High School.”  New York Times.  29 Apr 2021

4. Jeremy Ashkenas, Haeyoun Park and Adam Pearce.  “Even With Affirmative Action, Blacks and Hispanics Are More Underrepresented at Top Colleges Than 35 Years Ago.”  New York Times.  24 Aug 2017

5. Merriam-Webster.  “Affirmative Action.”  26 May 2018

6. United States.  Constitution.  Fourteenth Amendment.

7. United States.  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. “Executive Order 10925: Establishing The President’s Committee On Equal Employment Opportunity.” 6 Mar 1961

8. United States.  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. “Executive Order 11246:  Equal Employment Opportunity.”  28 Sept 1965

9. United States.  Supreme Court.  “Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.” 438 US 265 (1978).  26 June 1978

10. United States.  Supreme Court.  “Grutter v. Bollinger. 539 US 306 (2003).  23 June 2003

11. United States.  Supreme Court.  “Gratz v. Bollinger.”  02-516.  23 June 2003

12. United States.  Supreme Court.  “Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education.” 551 US 701 (2007).  28 June 2007

13. United States.  Supreme Court.  “Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1.”  551 US 701 (2007).  28 June 2007

14. United States.  Supreme Court.  “Fisher v. University of Texas.” 570 US (2013) 24 June 2013

15. United States.  District Court.  “Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. Plaintiff v. President and Fellows of Harvard College (Harvard Corporation).”  30 Sept 2019