1. John Gramlich. “What the Data Say About Gun Deaths in the U.S.” Pew Research Center. 5 Mar 2025

2. Gun Violence in the United States.” Johns Hopkins. Center for Gun Violence Solutions. September 2024

3. “Mass Shootings.”  Everytown for Gun Safety. July 2025

4. United States Constitution.  Second Amendment.

5. District of Columbia v. Heller.  07-290.  554 US 570 (2008).  Decided June 26, 2008. 

6. Aaron Karp.  “Estimating Global Civilian Held Firearms Numbers.” Numbers.”  Small Arms Survey. June 2018

7. “Number of Firearms Manufactured in the United States from 1986 to 2022.” Statista. 28 Oct 2024