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30. Olga Khazan.  “Being Black in America Can Be Hazardous to Your Health.”  The Atlantic.  July/August 2018 Issue.
31. Alec Soth and the Editorial Board.  “The Great Divide.”  New York Times.  5 Sept 2020 
32.  Elise Gould and Valerie Wilson.  “Black Workers Face Two of the Most Lethal Preexisting Conditions for Coronavirus - Racism and Economic Inequality.” Economic Policy Institute. 1 June 2020
33. Olubukola O. Nafiu, Christian Mpody, Stephani S. Kim, Joshua C. Uffman and Joseph D. Tobias.  “Race, Postoperative Complications, and Death in Apparently Healthy Children.” Pediatrics.  July 2020
34. Ihab Mikati BS, Adam F. Benson MSPH, Thomas J. Luben PhD, MSPH, Jason D. Sacks MPH and Jennifer Richmond-Bryant PhD.  “Disparities in Distribution of Particulate Matter Emission Sources by Race and Poverty Status.”  American Journal of Public Health.  7 Mar 2018
35. Lesley Fleischman and Marcus Franklin.  “Fumes Across the Fence-Line.”  NAACP and Clean Air Task Force.  November 2017 
36. Aria Florant, Nick Noel, Shelley Stewart and Jason Wright.  “Covid-19: Investing in Black Lives and Livelihoods.”  McKinsey & Company.  14 Apr 2020
37. “State of Black America, Unmasked.”   National Urban League. 2020 
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43.  Elise Gould and Valerie Wilson.  “Black Workers Face Two of the Most Lethal Preexisting Conditions for Coronavirus - Racism and Economic Inequality.” Economic Policy Institute. 1 June 2020
44. Alicia Robb and Arnobio Morelix.  “Startup Financing Trends by Race: How Access to Capital Impacts Profitability.”  Kauffman Foundation. October 2016
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51. Patrick Bayer and Kerwin Kofi Charles.  “Divergent Paths: A New Perspective on Earnings Differences Between Black and White Men Since 1940.”  Becker Friedman Institute, University of Chicago.  The Quarterly Journal of Economics.  30 Jan 2018
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53. United States.  Sentencing Commission.  “Sentence and Prison Impact Estimate Summary S. 756, The First Step Act of 2018.”

54. United States.  Sentencing Commission.  “U.S. Sentencing Commission First Step Act of 2018:  Re-sentencing Provisions Retroactivity Data Report.”  June 2019

55. United States.  Sentencing Commission.  “U.S. Sentencing Commission First Step Act of 2018:  Re-sentencing Provisions Retroactivity Data Report.”  October 2020

56. United States.  Sentencing Commission.  “The First Step Act Of 2018: One Year Of Implementation.”  31 Aug 2020

57. United States.  Federal Bureau of Prisons. “Statistics.”  3 May 2021

58. United States.  Department of Justice.  “Prisoners in 2019.” October 2020

59. United States.  Department of Justice.  “Jail Inmates in 2019.”  Bureau of Justice Statistics.  10 Mar 2021

60. Patrick Liu, Ryan Nunn and Jay Shambaugh.  “Nine Facts About Monetary Sanctions In The Criminal Justice System.”  Hamilton Project.  15 Mar 2019

61. United States.  Department of Justice.  “Justice Expenditure And Employment Extracts, 2016.”  Bureau of Justice Statistics.  4 May 2021

62. Peter Wagner and Bernadette Rabuy.  “Following the Money of Mass Incarceration.”  Prison Policy Initiative.  25 Jan 2017

63. Wendy Sawyer and Peter Wagner.  “Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2020.”  Prison Policy Initiative.  24 Mar 2020 

64. “After One Year, The Reduction Of Cash Bail in Philadelphia For Low-Level Offenses Found A Success.”  Philadelphia District Attorney’s Office.  19 Feb 2019

65. “District Attorney Krasner: PA’s Broken Cash Bail System Requires Action, Not Suggestions.” Philadelphia District Attorney’s Office.  28 July 2020

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69. Open Minneapolis.  “Police Use of Force.”  23 June 2020

70. Richard A. Oppel Jr. and Lazaro Gamio.  “Minneapolis Police Use Force Against Black People at 7 Times the Rate of Whites.”  New York Times.  3 June 2020

71. Frank Edwards, Michael H. Esposito, and Hedwig Lee.  “Risk of Police-Involved Death by Race/Ethnicity and Place, United States, 2012–2018.”  American Journal of Public Health.  2018

72. Frank Edwards, Hedwig Lee, and Michael Esposito.  “Risk of Being Killed By Police Use of Force in the United States by Age, Race–Ethnicity, and Sex.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.  August 2019

73. “Teachers Unions.”  Open Secrets.  29 Apr 2021
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